Burns can happen unexpectedly, especially in work environments involving heat, electricity, chemicals, or open flames. Although they may seem trivial, improper initial treatment can worsen the burn and slow the healing process. To ensure proper treatment, it's important to first understand the type of burn. Here are three degrees of burns and how to treat them properly:
1. First-Degree Burns
These burns affect only the outermost layer of skin. Signs include redness, slight swelling, and pain. These burns often occur from contact with hot objects or prolonged sun exposure.
What should you do?
- Rinse the affected area with cool running water. You can also soak the burn in water until the pain or burning subsides.
- Apply a clean towel soaked in cool water (not ice water) to the burn area.
- If the burn is caused by sun exposure, apply moisturizer or aloe vera to the burn area.
- Avoid applying toothpaste, butter, or any other topical ingredients to the burn. If pain occurs, you can take a common pain reliever such as paracetamol.
- Cover the wound with a clean cloth if needed to prevent friction or dirt.
This type of wound is relatively minor and generally heals on its own within a few days.2. Second-Degree Burns
These burns have affected the deeper layers of the skin. Symptoms include blisters, increased pain, and a reddish or pale color.
What should I do?
- Irrigate the wound with clean, running water (not ice water) for 10–15 minutes.
- Do not break the blisters, as this can lead to infection.
- Cover the wound with sterile gauze or a bandage, but do not apply excessive pressure.
- Avoid using ointments or creams without medical advice.
- It's best to see a doctor immediately, especially if they affect sensitive areas such as the face, hands, or body folds.
This type of burn requires further medical attention due to the risk of scarring and infection if not treated properly.
3. Third-Degree Burns
These are the most serious burns, damaging all layers of the skin and even deeper tissues such as muscle and bone. The skin may appear white, black, or charred. Because nerves can be damaged, the victim may not feel pain.
What should you do?
- Do not flush the wound with water or apply any material.
- Keep the victim away from sources of heat and lay them flat with their feet slightly elevated.
- Remove any accessories from the injured area to prevent swelling.
- Use a clean cloth or blanket to cover the victim and keep them warm.
- Take the victim to the hospital immediately.
Third-degree burns are an emergency.
When to Seek Medical Help?
First-degree burns can generally be treated independently, but seek medical help immediately if the burn:
- Spreads to sensitive areas such as the face, hands, or genitals
- Appears very deep or is white, black, or charred
- Draining fluid, pus, or shows signs of infection
- Caused by an electrical current or chemical exposure
- Accompanied by shortness of breath or loss of consciousness
Knowing the types of burns and how to treat them can be crucial to survival. Incorrect treatment can actually worsen the condition. PT. Southeast Asia Pipe Industries encourages all employees to be alert and prepared for workplace risks, including burns. Simple knowledge can be invaluable in an emergency.
